"n Normal 0 false false false EN-GB X-NONE AR-SA MicrosoftInternetExplorer4 /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Table Normal"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-priority:99; mso-style-qformat:yes; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-para-margin:0cm; mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:11.0pt; font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family:Arial; mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;} Background: Varicocele is a major cause of male infertility, but its pathophysiology is unclear. Recent studies declare that fertile varicocele people with normal semen analysis are also at risk of loss of infertility. The exact mechanism by which varicocele damages spermatogenesis is still unknown. Some studies have reported increased Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) is a major factor in semen of men with varicocele. The aim of this study was to investigate whether the source of elevated ROS is intracellular or not. In addition, we studied Mitochondrial Membrane Potential (MMP), viability, antioxidant activity, sperm count and motility in these rats."n"n Methods: The study group consisted of 28 male rats divided in four groups: control, sham, varicocele 1, varicocele 2, Experimental varicocele was established by partial ligation of the left renal vein in last two groups. Animals were sacrificed two and six months after surgery and dilation of the internal spermatic veins was observed. Then, superoxide anion production and Mitochondrial Membrane Potential were evaluated by Flow cytometry sperm characteristics were evaluated by Flow cytometry. Sperm superoxide anion production was assessed by the dihydroethidium and Mitochondrial Membrane Potential with rhodamin 123."n"n Results: Our results showed intracellular superoxide anion production significantly increased and Mitochondrial Membrane Potential, viability, sperm count and motility significantly decreased in rats with experimental left varicocele. However, there was no significant difference for seminal plasma antioxidant activity between all groups."n"n Conclusions: Consequently, our findings suggest that one of the main sources of ROS production is intracellular and we must consider it in treatment.

Superoxide anion --- mitochondrial membrane potential --- varicocele --- dihydroethidium --- rhodamin 123

"n Normal 0 false false false EN-GB X-NONE AR-SA MicrosoftInternetExplorer4 /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Table Normal"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-priority:99; mso-style-qformat:yes; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-para-margin:0cm; mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:11.0pt; font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family:Arial; mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;} Background: The ability of a specific test to predict a difficult intubation is decreased by the variability of definitions of difficult intubation/laryngoscopy. The Mallampati classification system is a widely utilized approach for evaluating patients in the preoperative setting. Zero class of Mallampati is a new class of airway view that to add to the four modified Mallampati classes. This study estimates the incidence of class zero airway and determines the ability of Mallampati score, age and sex on the prediction of the larangoscopy grade."n"n Methods: This is a cross sectional study in which 376 patients aged 7-18 years and A.S.A physical status I or II were enrolled. They were scheduled for surgery under general anesthesia All the airway assessments were done in the sitting position, with the patient's head in neutral position, mouth fully open, tongue fully extended and without phonation. After induction of general anesthesia, laryngoscopy grade was assessed in sniffing position using the Cormak & Lehame grading scale. "n"n Results: Class zero airways occurred in 0.3% of patients, and the patients with class zero airway had a grade I laryngoscopy. 49.5% of patient had class I, 37.2% class II, 13% of patient had class III and there found no patient with class IV airway. Grade II and III laryngoscopy were more frequent in females than in males but this correlation was not statistically significant.  "n"n Conclusions: Assessment of airway by Mallampati scoring system and attention to the age can be an important factor in the prediction of high laryngoscopy grade.

Mallampati --- age --- laryngoscopy --- grading --- airway

"n Normal 0 false false false EN-GB X-NONE AR-SA MicrosoftInternetExplorer4 st1":*{behavior:url(#ieooui) } /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Table Normal"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-priority:99; mso-style-qformat:yes; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-para-margin:0cm; mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:11.0pt; font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family:Arial; mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;} Background: Duplex Doppler ultrasonography (US) has newly suggested, being an important diagnostic technique in the non-invasive evaluation of hepatic vasculature and some hepatic parenchymal diseases. New findings suggest that diffuse fatty infiltration of liver can alter normal hepatic vein and artery doppler indices. The following study has been performed to evaluate the effect of fatty infiltration on hepatic artery resistance index and hepatic vein waveform patterns."n"nMethods: Sixty patients with various degrees of fatty infiltration on liver biopsy and twenty normal subjects without any sign of hepatic fat infiltration in ultrasonography examined using standard colour and spectral doppler sonography. The waveforms of Hepatic Vein were classified into three groups: regular triphasic waveform, biphasic waveform without a reverse flow, and monophasic or flat waveform. The hepatic artery resistance index was calculated as the mean of three different measurements."n"nResults: The mean BMI in Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease group and normal subjects was 26.9(SD=3.3) and 22.4(SD=1.7) Kg/m2, respectively with a range of 22 up to 44 Kg/m2. Abnormal Hepatic Vein waveforms (biphasic and monophasic) were found more frequently in doppler sonography (p<0.001) in patients with Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (12 biphasic and 17 monophasic) compared to normal subjects. Hepatic artery resistance index was significantly lower in Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease patients [0.7(SD=0.1)] compared to normal ones [0.8(SD=0.0)] (p<0.001)."n"nConclusions: The incidence of abnormal hepatic vein waveforms is significantly higher in patients with fatty infiltration compared to those who had no abnormality in liver ultrasonography and these patients had a significant lower hepatic artery resistance index. ADDIN EN.CITE  ADDIN EN.CITE.DATA 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 3C456E644E6F74653E3C436974653E3C417574686F723E426F6C6F6E64693C2F417574686F723E3C596561723E313939313C2F596561723E3C5265634E756D3E3137313C2F5265634E756D3E3C7265636F72643E3C7265632D6E756D6265723E3137313C2F7265632D6E756D6265723E3C666F726569676E2D6B6579733E3C6B6579206170703D22454E222064622D69643D2266737878657A39646F357070733665723561793572737473747074327661307277737061223E3137313C2F6B65793E3C2F666F726569676E2D6B6579733E3C7265662D74797065206E616D653D224A6F75726E616C2041727469636C65223E31373C2F7265662D747970653E3C636F6E7472696275746F72733E3C617574686F72733E3C617574686F723E426F6C6F6E64692C204C2E3C2F617574686F723E3C617574686F723E4C692042617373692C20532E3C2F617574686F723E3C617574686F723E476169616E692C20532E3C2F617574686F723E3C617574686F723E5A69726F6E692C20472E3C2F617574686F723E3C617574686F723E42656E7A692C20472E3C2F617574686F723E3C617574686F723E53616E74692C20562E3C2F617574686F723E3C617574686F723E426172626172612C204C2E3C2F617574686F723E3C2F617574686F72733E3C2F636F6E7472696275746F72733E3C617574682D616464726573733E496E73746974757465206F66204D65646963696E6520616E642047617374726F656E7465726F6C6F67792C20506F6C69636C696E69636F2053204F72736F6C612C20556E6976657273697479206F6620426F6C6F676E612C204974616C792E3C2F617574682D616464726573733E3C7469746C65733E3C7469746C653E4C697665722063697272686F7369733A206368616E676573206F6620446F70706C65722077617665666F726D206F662068657061746963207665696E733C2F7469746C653E3C7365636F6E646172792D7469746C653E526164696F6C6F67793C2F7365636F6E646172792D7469746C653E3C2F7469746C65733E3C706572696F646963616C3E3C66756C6C2D7469746C653E526164696F6C6F67793C2F66756C6C2D7469746C653E3C2F706572696F646963616C3E3C70616765733E3531332D363C2F70616765733E3C766F6C756D653E3137383C2F766F6C756D653E3C6E756D6265723E323C2F6E756D6265723E3C65646974696F6E3E313939312F30322F30313C2F65646974696F6E3E3C6B6579776F7264733E3C6B6579776F72643E4164756C743C2F6B6579776F72643E3C6B6579776F72643E416765643C2F6B6579776F72643E3C6B6579776F72643E426C6F6F6420466C6F772056656C6F636974793C2F6B6579776F72643E3C6B6579776F72643E46656D616C653C2F6B6579776F72643E3C6B6579776F72643E48657061746963205665696E732F70687973696F706174686F6C6F67792F20756C747261736F6E6F6772617068793C2F6B6579776F72643E3C6B6579776F72643E48756D616E733C2F6B6579776F72643E3C6B6579776F72643E4C697665722043697272686F7369732F70687973696F706174686F6C6F67792F20756C747261736F6E6F6772617068793C2F6B6579776F72643E3C6B6579776F72643E4D616C653C2F6B6579776F72643E3C6B6579776F72643E4D6964646C6520416765643C2F6B6579776F72643E3C2F6B6579776F7264733E3C64617465733E3C796561723E313939313C2F796561723E3C7075622D64617465733E3C646174653E4665623C2F646174653E3C2F7075622D64617465733E3C2F64617465733E3C6973626E3E303033332D3834313920285072696E74293C2F6973626E3E3C616363657373696F6E2D6E756D3E313938373631373C2F616363657373696F6E2D6E756D3E3C75726C733E3C2F75726C733E3C6C616E67756167653E656E673C2F6C616E67756167653E3C2F7265636F72643E3C2F436974653E3C436974653E3C417574686F723E766F6E204865726261793C2F417574686F723E3C596561723E323030313C2F596561723E3C5265634E756D3E36373C2F5265634E756D3E3C7265636F72643E3C7265632D6E756D6265723E36373C2F7265632D6E756D6265723E3C666F726569676E2D6B6579733E3C6B6579206170703D22454E222064622D69643D2266737878657A39646F357070733665723561793572737473747074327661307277737061223E36373C2F6B65793E3C2F666F726569676E2D6B6579733E3C7265662D74797065206E616D653D224A6F75726E616C2041727469636C65223E31373C2F7265662D747970653E3C636F6E7472696275746F72733E3C617574686F72733E3C617574686F723E766F6E204865726261792C20412E3C2F617574686F723E3C617574686F723E467269656C696E672C20542E3C2F617574686F723E3C617574686F723E4861757373696E6765722C20442E3C2F617574686F723E3C2F617574686F72733E3C2F636F6E7472696275746F72733E3C617574682D616464726573733E4465706172746D656E74206F662047617374726F656E7465726F6C6F67792C2048657061746F6C6F677920616E6420496E66656374696F75732044697365617365732C20556E6976657273697479206F662044757373656C646F72662C204D6F6F72656E7374726173736520352C20442D34303232352044757373656C646F72662C204765726D616E792E3C2F617574682D616464726573733E3C7469746C65733E3C7469746C653E4173736F63696174696F6E206265747765656E206475706C657820446F70706C657220736F6E6F6772617068696320666C6F77207061747465726E20696E2072696768742068657061746963207665696E20616E6420766172696F7573206C697665722064697365617365733C2F7469746C653E3C7365636F6E646172792D7469746C653E4A20436C696E20556C747261736F756E643C2F7365636F6E646172792D7469746C653E3C2F7469746C65733E3C706572696F646963616C3E3C66756C6C2D7469746C653E4A20436C696E20556C747261736F756E643C2F66756C6C2D7469746C653E3C2F706572696F646963616C3E3C70616765733E32352D33303C2F70616765733E3C766F6C756D653E32393C2F766F6C756D653E3C6E756D6265723E313C2F6E756D6265723E3C65646974696F6E3E323030312F30322F31373C2F65646974696F6E3E3C6B6579776F7264733E3C6B6579776F72643E4164756C743C2F6B6579776F72643E3C6B6579776F72643E416765643C2F6B6579776F72643E3C6B6579776F72643E436173652D436F6E74726F6C20537475646965733C2F6B6579776F72643E3C6B6579776F72643E46656D616C653C2F6B6579776F72643E3C6B6579776F72643E48657061746963205665696E732F20756C747261736F6E6F6772617068793C2F6B6579776F72643E3C6B6579776F72643E48756D616E733C2F6B6579776F72643E3C6B6579776F72643E4C697665722F20626C6F6F6420737570706C793C2F6B6579776F72643E3C6B6579776F72643E4C697665722044697365617365732F20756C747261736F6E6F6772617068793C2F6B6579776F72643E3C6B6579776F72643E4D616C653C2F6B6579776F72643E3C6B6579776F72643E4D6964646C6520416765643C2F6B6579776F72643E3C6B6579776F72643E526567696F6E616C20426C6F6F6420466C6F773C2F6B6579776F72643E3C6B6579776F72643E556C747261736F6E6F6772617068792C20446F70706C65722C204475706C65783C2F6B6579776F72643E3C2F6B6579776F7264733E3C64617465733E3C796561723E323030313C2F796561723E3C7075622D64617465733E3C646174653E4A616E3C2F646174653E3C2F7075622D64617465733E3C2F64617465733E3C6973626E3E303039312D3237353120285072696E74293C2F6973626E3E3C616363657373696F6E2D6E756D3E31313138303138313C2F616363657373696F6E2D6E756D3E3C75726C733E3C2F75726C733E3C656C656374726F6E69632D7265736F757263652D6E756D3E31302E313030322F313039372D30303936283230303130312932393A31266C743B32353A3A4149442D4A4355342667743B332E302E434F3B322D41205B7069695D3C2F656C656374726F6E69632D7265736F757263652D6E756D3E3C6C616E67756167653E656E673C2F6C616E67756167653E3C2F7265636F72643E3C2F436974653E3C2F456E644E6F74653E00

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease --- doppler --- Hepatic vein --- Hepatic artery

"n Normal 0 false false false EN-GB X-NONE AR-SA MicrosoftInternetExplorer4 /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Table Normal"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-priority:99; mso-style-qformat:yes; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-para-margin:0cm; mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:11.0pt; font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family:Arial; mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;} Background: Early diagnosis of renal parenchymal involvement in children with acute pyelonephritis (APN) using isotope scan and early treatment may decrease or prevent development of renal parenchymal lesions. We designed this study to assess the diagnostic value of certain biologic parameters in children with first- episode of acute pyelonephritis (APN) documented by 99m Tc-dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA) scintigraphy.   "n"n Methods: We compared the laboratory findings of leukocyte count, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and serum C-reactive protein (CRP) levels with the results of the DMSA scans obtained within three days of admission. One hundred-two children (93 girls and 9 boys aged 1 month-12 years (mean 2.85±2.92 years) were enrolled in the study. Of these patients, 203 renal units, were investigated using scintigraphy. Voiding cystourethrography (VCUG) was performed in 98 children (195 renal unit) when urine culture became negative. "n"n Results: In all children one or both of kidneys had parenchymal involvement on scintigraphy. Changes on the DMSA scan were found in 178(88%) renal units during the acute phase. The extent of changes in DMSA scan were mild in 113/178(55.7%) renal units, moderate in 40/178(19.7%) and severe in 25/178(12.3%). When inflammatory markers were correlated with the development of the severe renal lesions, as assessed with DMSA scan, a highly significant correlation with both ESR (p=0.007) and leukocyte counts (p=0.02) were found. "n"n Conclusions: We conclude that the incidence of renal parenchymal involvement in Iranian children with APN is very high. Although increased ESR and leucocytosis may be valuable markers for determination of severe renal parenchymal involvement, but these parameters and also CRP, were inadequate in distinguishing mild to moderate renal parenchymal involvement.

Acute pyelonephritis --- children --- renal scan --- dimercaptosuccinic acid --- leucocytosis --- erythrocyte sedimentation rate --- C- reactive protein

"n Normal 0 false false false EN-GB X-NONE AR-SA MicrosoftInternetExplorer4 /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Table Normal"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-priority:99; mso-style-qformat:yes; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-para-margin:0cm; mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:11.0pt; font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family:Arial; mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;} Background: Pleural malignant mesothelioma is an uncommon but extremely invasive tumor which originates from mesothelial cells and usually occures after prolonged exposure to asbestos. The aim of this study was to clinicopathologically evaluation of 40 patients with pleural malignant mesothelioma and the main factors influencing their prognosis. "n"n Methods: In this study patients with definitive diagnosis, who had been followed up for at least three years were studied based on gender, age presenting symptoms, and clinicopathological patterns."n"n Results: Male to female ratio of the study patients was three to one any the average age of them was 55 years. Chest pain was the most common symptoms in 34(85%) patients. Most of the study patients were in Buchard stage I (37/5%) and the epithelial form was the most common pathological pattern 25(62.5%). 19(47.5%) of cases received only radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Extrapleural pneumonectomy was performed on eight (20%) patients, seven (17.5%) patients underwent decortication and pleurectomy beside adjuvant therapy and 15% of the cases rejected any type of treatment. Surgical mortality occurred in one patient and the most common surgical complication was wound infection. The average survival rate was 12±1.2 months and the main factors influencing it were the patient's physiologic status, pathological form, stage of the disease and the pattern of pleural involvement. "n"n Conclusions: Because the low survival rate after multimodality invasive treatments in mesothelioma, aggressive therapeutic methods were recommended in selected patients

Malignant mesthelioma --- pleura --- diagnosis --- treatment

"n Normal 0 false false false EN-GB X-NONE AR-SA MicrosoftInternetExplorer4 /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Table Normal"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-priority:99; mso-style-qformat:yes; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-para-margin:0cm; mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:11.0pt; font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family:Arial; mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;} Background: Successful brachial plexus blocks rely on proper techniques of nerve localization, needle placement, and local anesthetic injection. Standard approaches used today (elicitation of paresthesia or nerve-stimulated muscle contraction), unfortunately, are all "blind" techniques resulting in procedure-related pain and complications. Ultrasound guidance for brachial plexus blocks can potentially improve success and complication rates. This study presents the ultrasound-guided brachial plexus blocks for the first time in Iran in adults and pediatrics. "n"n Methods: In this study ultrasound-guided brachial plexus blocks in 30 patients (25 adults & 5 pediatrics) scheduled for an elective upper extremity surgery, are introduced. Ultrasound imaging was used to identify the brachial plexus before the block, guide the block needle to reach target nerves, and visualize the pattern of local anesthetic spread. Needle position was further confirmed by nerve stimulation before injection. Besides basic variables, block approach, block time, postoperative analgesia duration (VAS<3 was considered as target pain control) opioid consumption during surgery, patient satisfaction and block related complications were reported."n"n Results: Mean adult age was 35.5±15 and in pediatric group was 5.2±4. Frequency of interscalene, supraclavicular, axillary approaches to brachial plexus in adults was 5, 7, 13 respectively. In pediatrics, only supraclavicular approach was accomplished. Mean postoperative analgesia time in adults was 8.5±4 and in pediatrics was 10.8±2. No block related complication were observed and no supplementary, were needed.        "nConclusions: Real-time ultrasound imaging during brachial plexus blocks can facilitate nerve localization and needle placement and examine the pattern and extend of local anesthetic spread.

Brachial plexus --- regional anesthesia --- ultrasonography